Module switching apparatus with status sensing and dynamic sharing of modules

ABSTRACT

An input/output interface switching apparatus for switching I/O interfaces connecting I/O control units between channels. The I/O interface switching apparatus provides means for attaching one or more strings of control units to one or more channels and provides a means for switching these strings of control units between the channels under configuration control. The switching apparatus is so arranged that a single failure within one interface affects at most only the channel to which the interface is associated. A switching matrix is provided, within the apparatus, which is physically centralized to minimize the number of I/O interface cables and connectors. The switching functions are, however, logically decentralized from a reliability standpoint so that a single component failure will not result in total switching system failure.

United States Patent [72] Inventor William F. Beausoleil 3,302,182 1/1967 Lynch et al. 340/172.5 Poughkeepsie. NY. 3,311,883 3/1967 Schmitz et a1. 340/166 [21] Appl. No. 790,681 3,419,849 12/1968 Anderson et a1 H 340/1725 [22] Filed Jan. 13, 1969 3,470,542 9/1969 Trantanella 340/172.5X [45) Patented May 25, 1971 3,492,654 1/1970 Fresch et a1. 340/1725 [73] Assignee International Business Machines l J H Corporation Prunary Examiner-Frau enon I Armonk N! Assistant ExammerMe1v|n B. Chapmck Attorneysl-lanifin and Jancin and Owen L. Lamb [s4] OF ABSTRACT: An input/output interface switching apparatus MODULES for switching 1/0 interfaces connecting 1/0 control units 7 claims 9 Drawing Figs between channels. The 1/0 interface switching apparatus provides means for attaching one or more strings of control units {52] US. Cl 340/l72.5 to one or more channels and provides a means for witching 15/16 these strings of control units between the channels under configuration control. The switching apparatus is so arranged that 340/172-5- 166 a single failure within one interface affects at most only the Reieremesmed channel to which the interface is associated. A switching matrix is provided, within the apparatus, which is physically UNITED STATES PATENTS centralized to minimize the number of [/0 interface cables 3,200,380 8/1965 MacDonald et a1. 340/1725 and connectors. The switching functions are, however, logi- 3,274,554 9/1966 Hopper et a1. 340/1725 cally decentralized from a reliability standpoint so that a single 3,274,561 9/1966 Hallman et a1 340/1725 component failure will not result in total switching system 3,286,240 11/1966 Thompson eta]. 340/1725 failure.

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INHIBIT SET DIRECT IN V DIRECT om o DECODER ll O OF 8 GATED FROM I/O INTERFACE MODULE SWITCHING APPARATUS WITI'I STATUS SENSING AND DYNAMIC SHARING OF MODULES I. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates generally to a switching system for selectively connecting modules in a data processing system.

Various switching units have been utilized in the past for manually, or under program control, connecting one of a number of first modules to one of a number of second modules. Serious problems result when such systems are adapted to high speed data processing systems which have requirements of high availability along with high reliability of operation.

It is an object of this invention to provide alternate and additional access paths to H0 units within a computer system to meet system availability and resource allocation requirements to thereby increase overall system productivity.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a switching system for filling resource allocation requirements which provides sharing of I/O facilities for the purpose of optimizing system performance.

An object of this invention is to provide a switching system which is modular.

A further object is to provide a switching system which has a provision for manual and/or automatic configuration control.

It is also an object to provide configuration capabilities which include both conditional and unconditional configuration control.

A further object is to provide a control for a switching unit which is able to logically connect multiple controlled modules to a controlling module such that the connection is trans parent to both the controlling module and the controlled module.

A further object is to provide a switching unit which allows an interface to be shared among multiple channels in an interleaved manner.

A further object is to provide a switching system which has the capability to regulate the configuration ability of any at tached module such that at least full or no configuration capability by each module is allowed.

2. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above objects are accomplished in accordance with the invention by a switching system which switches interface signal lines between controlling modules and controlled modules under configuration control.

A switching matrix within the system is physically centralized and comprises a single transistor as each cross-point switch (node) inserted directly in series with the lines to be switched.

Each controlling module (for example, a data channel, central processing unit, storage control unit, etc.) has connected to it a switch controller which monitors the interface lines from the controlling module. If the controlling module attempts to communicate with one of many addressable controlled modules (such as tape control units, storage, processing units, etc), the switch controller makes the necessary switch connections. If the connection cannot be made, a busy status is signalled to the controlling module.

Automatic configuration of the modules is accomplished by configuration control units attached to each controlling module. These units are addressable and selectable the same as any other control unit on the interface. The configuration control unit receives commands from the controlling module, interprets the commands, and signals the switch controller as to which connections it is authorized to make or break. The commands also include sense commands which sense the state of the switch matrix.

The system provides for dynamic sharing of a number of controlled modules with a number of controlling modules. Any controlling module can handle any service request (response) from a controlled module regardless of which controlling module had originated the particular operation to which the response pertains.

An interface can be reserved to a particular controlling module. This is accomplished by providing additional crosspoint switches (a control portion) to the switching matrix, so that the status of switches within the matrix are sensed by the configuration control unit.

The invention is described for a computer system of the type fully described in Amdahl et al. US. Pat. No. 3,400.37 l, filed Apr. 6, I964. The interface is described in Beausoleil et al. US. Pat. No. 3,336,582, filed Sept. 1, I964.

. Background of the Invention Summary of the Invention Brief Description of the Drawings General Description of the Interface Switching Unit Configuration Control Unit .I Addressing .2 Operations .3 Configuration States 5.3.1 Exclusive Configuration State 5.3.2 Shared Configuration State 5.3.3 Suspended Configuration State 5.3.4 Unconfigured State 5.4 Basic Commands 5.4.] No-Operation Control 5.4.2 Test I/O 5.4.3 Sense (Basic) 5.5 Configuration Commands 5.5.1 Configure Exclusively 5.5.2 Configure and Share 5.5.3 Reset and Configure 5.5.4 Disconnect and Suspend 5.5.5 Unconfigure 5.6 Sensing Commands 5.6.I Sense Authorization States 5.6.2 Sense Entire Configuration 5.6.3 Sense Channel Configuration 5.7 Authorization States 5.8 Set Authorization Register 5.9 Status 5.9.l Attention 5.9.2 Status Modifier 5.9.3 Control Unit End 5.9.4 Busy 5.9.5 Channel End 5.9.6 Device End 5.9.7 Unit Check 5.9.8 Unit Exception 5. l 0 Interface Sequences 5.l0.l System Reset 510.2 Selective Reset 5.l0.3 Interface Disconnect 6. Switch Controller 6.1 Interface Addressing 6.2 Operating States 6.2.l Connected State 6.2.2 Dedicated State 6.3 Initial Selection Sequence 6.4 Control Unit End 6.5 Interface Polling Sequence 6.6 Control Unit Initiated Sequence 7. Switching Matrix 8. Interface Switching Unit Versions 8.] Multiple Interfaces Per Channel 8.2 Extended Device Addressing 8.3 Manual Steady State 8.4 Manually Controlled Configuration 8.5 Manually Controlled Sharing 8.6 Dynamic Sharing Option 9. Input/Output Interface Additions 9.1 New Interface Lines 9.] Reset Out 9. I .2 Disconnect In 9.] .3 Allegiance In 9. l .4 Configure Out UtUtUtU bbJN- 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a block diagram of the system in which the invention is em bodied.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram ofthe switch controller 12 of FIG. I.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the configuration control unit 14 of FIGS. I and 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic of the cross-point switch used in the switch matrix ll] of FIGS. I and 2.

FIG. 5 is a chart of the base-charge distribution of the transistor of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a drive circuit for driving the direct out line of the cross-point of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for driving the send line ofthe cross-point of FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for driving the receive line of the cross-point of FIG. 4.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a decoder circuit for decoding an interface address and for energizing the direct out line for that interface.

4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERFACE SWITCHING UNIT Referring to FIG. 1, the interface switching unit includes a switch matrix 10, switch controllers 12 (shown in more detail in FIG. 2) and configuration control units I4 (shown in more detail in FIG. 3).

Briefly, the switch matrix It) provides the electrical crosspoints (designated nodes) between the channels 16 and the interfaces ]8 which are attached to control units 20. This portion of the switch matrix is called the bus portion and performs the switching function.

The lower four planes of the switch matrix III comprise the control portion and are used to indicate the status ofthe nodes of the bus portion of the switch matrix.

Associated with each channel 16 is a switch controller l2 and a configuration control unit I4. The switch controller essentially makes and breaks the nodes of the switch matrix 10 in response to signals from the channel over the I/O interface. The switch controller is a device which is transparent to the channel and the control unit, that is, the channel operates the I/O interface just as if the switch controller were not attached. Configuration control units 14 are attached to one of the HO interface strings 18, in the same manner as control units 20. The interface string set aside for this purpose will be referred to as the pseudointerface. (Shown in FIG. 2 but not in FIG. I).

The configuration control unit 14 operates in conjunction with the channel 16, the control portion of the switch matrix 10, and the switch controller to automatically perform commands received from the channel, to set up switch matrix connections via the switch controller, and sense the actual state of the switch matrix by means of the control portion of the switch matrix.

The sensing ofthe state ofthe switch matrix is accomplished in the following manner. The switch controller 12 sets up a connection between the I/O interface ofa channel and the I/O interface 18 of a control unit string by energizing the appropriate direct out line. The direct out line energizes crosspoints in a vertical column including the four planes of the control portion of the switch matrix. Sensing is performed by means of the configuration control unit placing a signal on the control out bus 0-3. An output will occur on the direct in bus for the corresponding channel in all of those matrix positions (within the control portion of the switch Matrix) in which a cross-point is closed. This is a direct indication as to which of the direct out lines are energized. The cross-point switches of the control portion of the switch matrix are made available to all of the channels so that any channel can test the status of any other channel.

Referring to FIG. 9, by utilizing the control out lines the switch controller can monitor the connections and disconnect when a connection by another switch controller is made. For example, the following procedure connects channel I to I/O interface number 4. The address stored in 3 Bit Address Re gister, gated from the I/O interface, is decoded by the I out of 8 decoder. The "set" line is raised by switch and the connect latch is turned on. The output from the decoder is gated by the connect latch, energizing the direct out 4 line. The switch controller monitors all other connections by activating control out lines I], 2 and 3 (FIG. I). If, for example, channel 3 connects to interface 4, a forced disconnect occurs because the direct in 4 line is energized in response to the control out lines, and energizes the "OR" which is gated to the reset input to the connect latch.

The control out lines are also used to reserve an interface connection to a particular channel.

Logic 44 of a switch controller (FIG. 2) contains a latch for each I/O interface. Whether or not a channel can connect to a particular interface is determined by the state of the as sociatcd latch. These latches are set, sensed and reset only in response to the configuration commands.

Each channel not only has the ability to sense whether or not an interface is reserved but also to which channel it is reserved. Also, a channel can force a reset of a reserved latch in another channel when instructed to by the appropriate configuration command. This forced reset is performed in a manner similar to the disconnection of an interface. When a reserve latch is reset by another channel, the channel whose latch was reset at this time, informs its CPU of this release condition by means of an interruption, or the CPU could become aware of this condition when it attempts to connect to this interface during the initiation of a new operation. A channel having its reserve latch reset while it is actually connected to an interface will respond to this condition by attempting a normal interface disconnect. If not successful because of a malfunction, a more stringent means will be used by the requested channel to force a disconnection. The requesting channel will, when it is instructed by its CPU, force a direct cross-point disconnect as a last resort if the channel does not respond.

Dynamic sharing, that is, sharing l/O control units with one or more channels on a dynamic basis without intervention by the channel is accomplished by the switch controller with either a configuration control unit or manual switches for setting up the switch connections.

The selection logic 34 ofeach switch controller (FIG. 2) associated with a channel interface is designed to monitor for selection or polling sequences initiated from the channel as described in the Beausoleil et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,336,582. The selection logic 34 responds to a selection sequence by gating the address on bus out via AND 40 and OR circuit 42 to the interface status and control latches 44. The logic 44 selects the interface specified by the address and the interface node remains busy until the channel is available for further opera' tions. A subsequent polling or selection sequence to another address by the channel will free the node.

A selection sequence to an addressed node which is in the unavailable state will result in "select in being returned to the channel. lfthe interface is busy to another channel, the switch control unit returns a control unit busy status (short sequence) to the channel that initiated the selection sequence.

The selection logic 34 responds to a polling sequence from the interface 32 by polling the highest priority nonbusy interface having a request for service, i.e., the output of logic 36. If no requests are outstanding, a select in is returned to the channel.

Asynchronous status (device end, attention, etc.) can be polled by a channel if the corresponding node is not busy. The switch controller remains connected to an interface if a request remains outstanding and the channel does not poll.

The configuration state which the switch controller uses to control the node and to make responses to the channel are established by the manual switches 50 or the configuration control unit 14. The configuration control unit (FIG. 3)

establishes the configuration slates and provides information to the channel via the I/O interface as to the status of the switch matrix. The configuration control unit includes means for testing, setting, and resetting the configuration of the switch matrix as well as means for controlling the configurability of the attached channels.

The channel communicates with the configuration control unitjust as it does with any other control unit on the interface. The configuration control unit may be attached directly to the HO interface on the channel side of the switch matrix (see FIG. 1) or it may be attached to a pseudointerface on the control unit side of the switch matrix (see FIG. 2).

The configuration control unit operates in response to commands received from the channel via the interface 60. These commands are gated by the AND circuit 66 to the command decoder and register 74. They include basic commands, configuration commands, sensing commands, and authorization commands. The commands decoded by the command decoder 74 are transmitted to the switch controller (FIG. 2) where the interface status and control latches 44 carry out the command by energizing appropriate node drivers 46. The configuration control unit returns status information as to the state of the switch matrix by means of the states received by the sense and status generator and register logic 76 from the switch controller. in response to a request from the channel for this sense data, the selection logic and sequence control 62 gates the appropriate information to bus in via AND circuit 82.

5. CONFIGURATION CONTROL UNIT The configuration control unit 14, shown in FIG. 3, provides a means for communication between the operating system and the interface switching unit. The configuration control unit has facilities for testing, setting and resetting the configuration of the interface switching unit, as well as establishing which ones of the attached channels are authorized to perform configuration control of the switching unit.

The configuration control unit attaches to the system by means of the U0 interface or a pseudointerface (selected through the switch controller) and all communication between the configuration control unit and the channel proceeds as with any other control unit on the interface.

5.1 ADDRESSING The configuration control unit is assigned a contiguous set of addresses (unit address logic 70) on the HO interface equal to the number of interfaces attachable to the interface switching unit. Thus, for a 4X8 switching unit (i.e., one which switches four channels among eight interfaces or control unit strings), the configuration control unit would require eight addresses. Each address is uniquely associated with an interface such that the first address is related to interface 0, the second is related to interface 1, etc. Commands sent to the configuration control unit which do not pertain to a single interface (such as authorization commands), may be sent to any of the addresses.

5.2 OPERATIONS All operations provided by the configuration control unit are in response to commands it receives by means of bus out on the U0 interface. These commands can be separated into four groups: basic commands, configuration commands, sensing commands, and authorization commands. These commands are gated to the command decoder 74 via AND 66. Their assignments are as follows:

Command code Operations to be executed by the configuration control unit are initiated in the CPU by use of a START l/O instruction. 5.3 CONFIGURATION STATES The configuration states of the paths in a switching unit are specified both in terms of node states and interface states. The state of a node signalled by means of the control portion of the switch matrix 10(see FIG. 2) defines the relationship between a particular interface and a particular channel. The state of an interface is a summary of the collective states of the nodes associated with the interface. The states of the nodes are explicitly established by the configuration control unit by any of the following means:

i. A configuration command executed by the configuration control unit.

2. Manual configuration controls.

3. An unconditional configuration command executed by another configuration control unit on the interface switching unit.

4. A master system reset. (See Reset Out, Section 9.1 .l

The states are tested by the switch controller interface status logic 44 to determine the action to be taken in response to l/O instructions, configuration commands and interface service requests. The state information is further made available to the program by means of sense commands executed by the configuration control unit.

5.3.1 Exclusive Configuration State An interface is said to be exclusively configured when one of its nodes is exclusively configured to a channel. An interface can thus, by definition, be exclusively configured to one and only one channel. When so configured, any request for service from any device on the interface will be directed only to the channel to which the interface is configured. Conversely, the devices on the interface are not available to any channel other than the one to which the interface is exclusively configured.

5.3.2 Shared Configuration State An interface is said to be in the Shared Configuration state when one or more of its nodes is in the Shared Configuration state. A node is in the Shared Configuration state when the associated interface is sharable with another channel. This configuration allows devices to operate with more than one channel without requiring the execution of intervening configuration commands. (See Section 8.).

5.3.3 Suspended Configuration State An interface in the Suspended Configuration state, although exclusively configured to a single channel, is prevented from communicating with the channel. All service requests from devices on the interface are held pending and are not directed to the channel. Similarly, attempts by any channel to communicate with devices on the interface will be unsuccessful. System Reset is not performed on this interface unless the channel to which the interface is suspended is performing the System Reset.

5.3.4 Unconfigured State An interface having none of its nodes configured (exclusively, shared or suspended) is in the Unconfigured state as is each of the nodes. The devices on the interface are not available to any channel. A constant general reset is indicated to all the control units on this interface.

5.4 BASIC COMMANDS Since the configuration control unit is a normal control unit insofar as its [/0 interface attachment is concerned, the configuration control unit can execute the basic commands by means of command decoder 74 (FIG. 3). The commands are the No-Operation Control command, the Test l/O command and the Basic Sense Command.

5.4.1 No-Operation Control The No-Operation Control command is executed by the configuration control unit without regard for the state of the addressed interface or node or for the authorization state of the channel. it is an immediate command with Channel End and Device End presented during initial selection sequence. 5.4.2 Test U The Test l/O command serves the dual purpose of clearing pending status and testing the state of the node. When status is being held for the addressed device (node), that status will be presented to Test l/O. If primary status is being held for a device other than the one addressed, the configuration control unit will respond with the short, control-unit-busy sequence. If no status is pending, or if secondary status is pending for a device other than the one addressed, Test [/0 causes the configuration state of the addressed node to be tested. If the node is configured (either exclusively, shared or suspended) the configuration control unit responds with zero status. If the node is not configured, the configuration control unit will respond with Unit Check status.

5.4.3 Sense (Basic) The Basic Sense command causes sense data to be transferred. The configuration control unit will force burst mode during this data transfer, sending a status byte with Channel End and Device End set at the conclusion of the transfer.

The sense data provides information concerning the state of the addressed node and detailing the reasons for the Unit Check previously presented. The bits are defined as follows:

Byte 0 Byte l Definition Definition Bit:

0 Command reject Exclusive state. I Intervention required Shared state. 2 Bus out check I Suspended state. 3.. Equipment check 1 Unconfigured state. 4. r 5 6.. Configuration violation..... 7 Authorization violatiom 1 Cause unit check to be set. 2 Reserved for future use.

Command Reject:

This bit will be set ifa manual configuration switch prevents the successful execution of a configuration or authorization command.

Bus Out Check:

This bit is set if invalid parity is detected on Bus Out during the transfer ofa command to the configuration control unit, or if an invalid interface sequence is detected by the configuration control unit. The status byte contains Unit Check only if presented during the initial selection sequence during which the error was detected, and contain Unit Check, Channel End and Device Ehd if an invalid sequence is detected after the initial selection sequence occurs.

Equipment Check:

This bit is set if an equipment malfunction is detected during the execution of a command by the configuration control unit. The success of the command is therefore questionable.

Any of the following conditions can cause the Equipment Check bit to be set:

During execution of a configuration command, the configuration control unit detected the failure of a node to assume the state to which it was set.

During execution of a configuration command which forces reconfiguration (see configuration commands), the configuration control unit was unable to force the interface to unconfigure from another interface.

During execution of the authorization command, the configuration control unit detected the failure of an authorization indicator to assume the state to which it was set.

The status byte terminating the command during which the malfunction was detected will contain Channel End, Device End and Unit Check only.

Configuration Violation:

This bit is set if Configure Exclusive command is issued to an interface that is already configured to another channel or a Configure And Share command is issued to an interface, that is, configured exclusively or suspended to another channel. The presence of this bit causes Unit Check to be presented. Authorization Violation:

This bit is set if configuration or authorization command is issued by a channel whose authorization bit is not on or Con figure Out is not up when the command is issued. The presence of this bit causes Unit Check to be presented. Exclusive State:

This bit is set if the interface associated with the addressed node is exclusively configured to one of the channels.

Shared State:

This bit is set if the addressed node is in the Shared Configuration state. Suspended State:

This bit is set if the addressed node is in the Suspended Configuration state. Unconfigured State:

This bit is set if the interface associated with the addressed node is not configured to any channel including the Suspended Configuration state.

5.5 CONFlGURATlON COMMANDS Several commands are defined to change the state of a node. The commands can be grouped into three categories. The first category includes those commands which request a configuration state to be set. These commands will be successful whenever the requested configuration does not conflict with the configuration states of other nodes on the interface. The second category includes those commands which force a configuration state to be set regardless of the states of the other nodes on the interface. The third category includes a command which is unrelated to the other nodes on the interface.

All configuration commands are immediate, and, if executed, will cause Channel End and Device End to be sent during the initial selection sequence. If the execution was unsuccessful or of questionable success, Unit Check will also be included in the status byte with appropriate sense indicators set.

A configuration command can only be executed if the configuration control unit is authorized to change configuration states. (See authorization command and Configure Out, Section 9.1.4). If the configuration control unit is not so authorized, any configuration command will be rejected by presenting Unit Check alone during the initial selection sequence and by setting the Authorization Violation sense bit. 5.5.1 Configure Exclusively The addressed node is set to the Exclusive Configuration state if all other nodes on the interface are in the Unconfigured state.

If the interface was already configured to another channel, (another node on the interface was in the Exclusive or Suspended Configuration state or one or more of the other nodes were in the Shared Configuration state), initial status will include Unit Check with the Configuration Violation Sense bit being also set. 552 Configure and Share The addressed node is set to the Shared Configuration state if no other nodes on the interface are in the Exclusive or Suspended Configuration state.

if another node on the interface was already in the Exclusive or Suspended Configuration state, the initial status will include Unit Check with the Configuration Violation Sense bit being also set.

5.5.3 Reset and Configure The interface associated with the addressed node is unconditionally reset and the addressed node is set to the Exclusive Configuration state.

if the interface was in the Unconfigured state, no other channel or node is affected by the execution of the command and the same result could have been achieved by Configure Exclusively. if the interface was in the Exclusive, Shared or Suspended Configuration, all configured nodes (including the addressed node if configured), are changed to the Unconfigured state (thus resetting the interface) before the addressed node is set to the Exclusive Configuration state. if an operation is in progress with a device on the interface at the time the command is executed, a malfunction condition or hang condition may be encountered by the associated channel or subchannel.

Since the states of other nodes on the interface do not preclude the execution of this command, its execution can be unsuccessful only if an equipment malfunction is encountered. This will be indicated by including Unit Check in the initial status and by setting the Equipment Check sense bit.

If a program issues a Reset and Configure command to an interface switch unit, thus resetting all devices on an interface, it is the responsibility of the program to clear the associated unit control words with a CLEAR SUBCHANNEL instruction. If channels have a common shared unit control word storage this is necessary in order to clear these subchannels when devices are reset.

5.5.4 Disconnect and Suspend The interface associated with the addressed node is placed in the Suspended Configuration State. If a burst operation is in progress, an interface disconnect sequence is attempted.

The interface Disconnect is attempted by the configuration control unit associated with the channel connected to the interface on request by the configuration control unit executing the command.

The states of all nodes on the interface except the addressed node are set to the Unconfigured state. If an operation is in progress with a device on the interface at the time the command is executed, a malfunction condition or hang" condition may be encountered by the associated channel or subchannel.

Since the states of the other nodes on the interface do not preclude the execution of this command, its execution can be unsuccessful only if an equipment malfunction is encountered. This will be indicated by including a Unit Check in the initial status and by setting the Equipment Check sense bit.

5.5.5 Unconfigure The addressed node, if it is not in the Dedicated state (see Section 6.2.2), is set to the Unconfigured state. The states of the other nodes on the interface are not affected nor is any operation affected which is in progress on another channel with a device on the interface.

Since the states of the other nodes on the interface do not preclude the execution of this command, its execution can be unsuccessful only ifan equipment malfunction is encountered. This will be indicated by including a Unit Check in the initial status and by setting the Equipment Check sense bit.

5.6 SENSING COMMANDS The sensing commands cause information relative to the states of the nodes to be passed to the channel. 5.6.l Sense Authorization States Sense Authorization States command provides information concerning the channel authorization register. Bit 0 of sense data byte 0, if on, indicates that channel 0 is allowed to execute configuration and authorization commands; bit 1, byte 0, ifon, indicates that channel I, etc.

5.6.2 Sense Entire Configuration Sense Entire Configuration command provides information indicating the entire configuration of the interface switching unit. Bit 0, of sense data byte 0, if "on," indicates that interface 0 is configured to channel 0. Bit 1, byte 0, if "on," indicates interface 1 is configured to channel 0, bit 7, of sense data byte 1, if on," indicates interface 15 is configured to channel 0. Bit 0, of sense interface 15 is configured to channel 0. Bit 0, of sense data byte 2, if on," indicates that interface 0 is configured to channel 1. Bit 1, of sense data byte 2, if on," indicates that interface I is configured to channel 1, etc.

A Sense interface Configuration command, would for example, be issued in response to an indication that an unconditional configuration command was executed by another configuration control unit on the interface switching unit (see Attention, Section 5.9.1).

5.6.3 Sense Channel Configuration Sense Channel Configuration provides information indicating which interface paths are configured to the channel issuing the command.

The data byte returned indicates the configuration state of each interface. For example, bit 0, byte 0, if on, would indicate that interface 0 is configured to the channel issuing the command; bit 1, byte 0, ifon, would indicate that interface I is configured to the channel issuing the command, etc.

5.7 AUTHORIZATlON STATES An authorization state is associated with each configuration control unit. The Authorization state is indicated by an authorization register or by manual AUTHORIZATION CONTROL switches. The authorization register is set by authorization commands or during system or master system reset according to a manually predetermined state.

The Authorization state allows configuration and authorization commands to be executed. It is also to be noted that the down state of the Configure Out line can also prevent these commands from being executed (see Section 5.5).

5.8 SET AUTHORIZATION REGISTER Set Channel Authorization Register: The channel authorization register is selected and set according to the bits in the control-order code. Bits 0, l, 2, etc., specify channel 0, l, 2, etc.

If a bit identified with a particular channel is "on" the configuration and authorization commands are allowed to be executed by the associated channel configuration control unit. If this bit is not "on" the command will be unsuccessful. This will be indicated by including a Unit Check in the initial status and by setting the Authorization Violation Sense bit.

5.9 STATUS The following status bits are used by the configuration control unit:

Bit position Description 0 Attention.

.. Status modifier. Control unit and.

Unit check. 7 Unit exception.

Note-Status may also be Section 6).

generated by the switch controller (see and Busy will be presented if a non-Test I/O command is received for a device subsequent to the generation of the Attention and Unit Check but prior to the status having been accepted by the channel. Attention will never be presented with status bits other than Unit Check alone or Unit Check with Busy. 5.9.2 Status Modifier The Status Modifier bit is used only along with the Busy bit to indicate a control-unit-busy condition. The control-unitbusy condition is indicated only when the configuration control unit is holding primary status (i.e., Channel End, Device End status), for a device other than the one addressed and is always presented by means of the short, controI'unit-busy sequence. Status Modifier will never be presented with status bits other than Busy. 5.9.3 Control Unit End The Control Unit End status bit is used to indicate that a previously indicated control-unit-busy condition no longer ex ists. Control Unit End may be presented alone, in an asynchronous status sequence, in response to Test [[0, or along with Busy in response to a nonTest l/O command. Control Unit End can occur with no other status bits except Busy. 5.9.4 Busy Busy indicates either that the addressed device has pending status or, with Status Modifier, that the configuration control unit is busy (See Status Modifier). Busy is presented with any other status bits which are pending for a device addressed with a non-Test command. Busy can be presented either as Control Unit Busy or Device Busy only in response to an initial selection sequence and in all cases indicates that the com mand was not executed or even inspected. 5.9.5 Channel End Channel End is always presented with Device End to indicate completion of the execution of a command. Channel End and Device End never occur separately. Unit Check will accompany Channel End and Device End if the command was abnormally executed. Busy may additionally occur if the device is addressed by a non-Test I!" command prior to the acceptance of Channel End and Device End (and, if generated, Unit Check) by the channel. 5.9.6 Device End See Channel End. 5.9.7 Unit Check Unit check is presented to indicate the existence of an abnormal condition. Unit Check is presented alone only in response to an initial selection sequence and indicates that the command received could not be executed. The bits in the sense byte describe the abnormal condition. Unit Check, when presented with Channel End and Device End, indicates that an abnormal condition was detected during the execution of the command. Unit Check is presented with Attention to indicate an asynchronously occurring abnormal condition. Busy may occur with any of the above status combinations, (see Busy). 5.9.8 Unit Exception Available for definition. 5.!0 INTERFACE SEQUENCES 5.l0.l System Reset A system reset received by the configuration control unit will cause any pending status, status conditions or operations in progress in the configuration control unit to be reset. The reset will not affect in any way the configuration state of any node nor the authorization state of this or another configuration control unit. 5. [0.2 Selective Reset The configuration control unit response to a selective or malfunction reset is identical to that for a general reset. 5.10.3 Interface Disconnect An interface Disconnect sequence will cause the configuration control unit to immediately drop Operational In and thus all other interface lines. Ifthe Interface Disconnect is received subsequent to zero initial status for a non-Test [/0 command but prior to end status, the data transfer will additionally be terminated, Channel End and Device End will be generated, and Request In raised to request presentation of end status. An interface disconnect sequence received at any other time has no effect.

6. SWITCH CONTROLLER The switch controller, FIG. 2, by monitoring the III] inter face, the channels 30 and the configuration states, (via control portion of switch matrix 10) is able to control the nodes (Bus portion of the switch matrix 10) and also provide any necessa ry interface responses. The switch controller establishes temporary states for the nodes as a result of the monitored activity on the interface lines and makes this information available, by means of the configuration control unit 14, to the operating system. The control by the switch controller is supplied such that neither the channel 30 nor the control units 20 need be aware of the intervention ofthe switch controller.

6.l INTERFACE ADDRESSING The particular l/O interface addressed by a channel during an initial selection sequence (see above-mentioned Beausoleil et al. US. Pat. No. 3,336,582) is determined by the switch controller by examining the address on Bus out gated via AND 40 from the channel. A portion of all addresses is allocated to identifying the interfaces. This portion may be the high-order bit or bits of the unit-address byte. It may be the second address byte where 2-byte I/0 addressing is available on a channel but not on any control units/devices attached. It may be the high-order bit or bits of the second address byte where both the channel and control units/devices use 2-byte addressing.

The actual bit combination to be used is established at the time the interface switching unit is installed or whenever the component configuration of the installation is changed. (This may be accomplished, for example, by the use of manual switches, pluggable jumpers or cards, etc.)

Consider a 2X4 interface switching unit, (i.e., two channels and four [/0 interfaces,) all nodes in the configured and shared state and single-byte addressing. It would, in this case, be adequate to allocate the high-order two bits of the eight unitaddress bits for interface selection. The six remaining bits allow 64 device addresses per interface. (Note that if each of the two configuration control units are assigned the same group of four addresses, one interface can have only 60 addresses for devices on that interface.)

6.2 OPERATING STATES The monitoring of the operations at the nodes of the interface switching unit via the control portion of switch matrix [0 (FIG. 2) involves the establishment of certain operating states of the node and thus, also, the interface. These states indicate the status of the connection and are used for proper routing of controhunit-initiated sequences and for determining the con nectibility of other channels to the interface.

6.2.l Connected State When a channel is actively communicating with a control unit; i.e., the control unit has the Status In or Operational In line up or when Select Out from the channel is up on the interface, or during the time from presentation of Device End to the reselection of the chain command, the node is said to be in the Connected state. While the node, and thus the interface, is in the Connected state, no other channel can become connected to the interface.

A channel, therefore, can only be connected to one interface at a time and an interface can only be connected to one channel at a time.

6.2.2 Dedicated State When the interface switching unit is used in such a way that operations (including a chain of operations) must go to completion with the channel which initiated the operation, the associated node is in the Dedicated state. When in the Dedicated state, all control unit-initiated sequences are sent to the channel to which the interface is dedicated.

An interface can be dedicated only to one channel at a time; however, a channel may have more than one interface dedicated to it.

When the interface switching unit is used with the selector channels of a single system, the nodes for that channel do not need the Dedicated state since the Connected state serves the same function. Similarly, when the interface switching unit is used on a system which permits its channels to share unit control words, the Connected state is adequate. In all other cases, a Dedicated state is necessary.

The duration of the Dedicated state can vary depending on the system to which the interface switching unit is attached. If two systems are attached (implying that control blocks are not shared), the Dedicated state must encompass not only the chain of operations but also any required error recovery. When the interface switching unit is used with multiple central processing units (CPUs) which share appropriate control blocks, it is sufficient to maintain the Dedicated state only until the final status of the operation (or chain of operations) is accepted by the channel.

6.3 INITIAL SELECTION SEQUENCE When Address Out and then Select Out are raised by the channel 30, Selection Logic 34 initiates a selection sequence gating the address on Bus Out via AND 40 and OR 42 to the logic 44. The logic 44 examines the address on Bus Out and selects the appropriate node drivers 46. If the node is not configured to the channel or is in the Suspended state, the selection logic 34 causes Select Out to be sent back to the channel as Select In and no interface selection sequence takes place. If the node is configured exclusively to the channel or is configured and sharable and the interface is not busy with another channel, the node is set to the Connected state and the selection sequence is perrriitted to be executed normally on the addressed interface. If the node is configured and sharable but the interface is busy with another channel, the switch controller signals a control-unit-busy sequence to the channel and the interface selection sequence does not take place.

6.4 CONTROL UNIT END If a control-unit-busy sequence was returned by the switch control unit in response to an initial sequence, subsequent Control Unit End status is normally submitted when the interface is no longer busy. The I/I) address accompanying the Control Unit End is the I10 interface path address If Control Unit End is pending at the configuration control unit 14 at the time the channel attempts to address a device on the associated interface, the configuration control unit will return the Control Unit End status bit along with the Status Modifier and the Busy bit (short control-unit-busy sequence 6.5 INTERFACE POLLING SEQUENCE The V interface sequence used by channels to handle data and service requests is referred to as a polling sequence. This sequence is used by some channels largely as a response to Request In while other channels poll whenever no other activity is taking place in the channel.

A polling sequence detected by the selection logic 34 causes the Request In lines on the nodes pertaining to the channel gates via AND 38 and OR 42 to logic 44 to be examined. The polling sequence proceeds to the highest priority interface which has its Request In line up and which is either configured exclusively to the channel or which is configured and shared and not busy with another channel. Each interface, while it is being polled is considered busy (if not already so) and the corresponding node state in the control section of the switch matrix is set (if not already set). If no Request In line is up on any interface configured to the channel or which is configured and shared and not busy with the channel, Select In is returned by the selection logic 34 (indicating no request currently requiringservice).

6.6 CONTROL UNIT INITIATED SEQUENCE When a contrdl unit is in need of data or status servicing it causes Request In to bit raised on the interface. The switch controller logic 36 monitors the Request In line for all inter faces to which it is configured exclusively or configured and shared (and not busy with another channel). If such a signal is detected when the channel is not busy, the Request In is sent to the channel. When Select Out is raised in response. and if the interface has not become busy with another channel, the node is set to the Busy state and the polling sequence continues normally. If the interface became busy with another channel, the Request In signal is removed and the polling sequence is not permitted to affect the interface.

7. SWITCHING MATRIX The switching matrix I0, FIG. I, is made up of transistor cross-points (FIG. 4) which are designed to be used with a standard l/0 interface of the type described in the above-men tioned Beausoleil et al. US. Pat. No. 3,336,582. The switch matrix accommodates the [/0 interface lines plus additional lines (control out, direct out, and direct in) which together are used to coordinate dynamic, electronic reconfiguration of the system.

Because the cross-point switch occupies a central position in the system, reliability and availability are prime considerations. To meet this, the cross-point avoids the use of a local power supply. Power is supplied indirectly to each cross-point by the channel controlling that cross-point and by the natural power levels of the signals on the U0 interface propagating through the cross-point.

The cross-point is shown in FIG. 4. A cross-point is turned on or initialized for conduction by saturating the transistor through its base resistor. This is accomplished by raising the signal line "direct out" which is supplied to the switch matrix from the switch controller. Data signals on the V0 interface sending line" arriving at the collector of a selected cross-point are propagated to the emitter attenuated by the saturation drop of the transistor.

The Propagational delay through an individual cross-point is determined by the majority carrier relaxation time illustrated in FIG. 5. The base charge distribution of a saturated crosspoii t trafisistor that is not propagating a signal initially assumes profile A. Upon the arrival of a signal at the collector, the base charge recovers or relaxes, into profile B. During the transition period, the base region is analogous to a threedimensional resistor-capacitor network, the time constant of which is measured in picoseconds. In a model tested, equipment with a resolution of 400 picoscconds, was unable to measure it. Propagational delay through the cross-point switch is therefore that of wiring and cabling which might be approximately 9 nanoseconds.

The time necessary to initialize a cross-point for conduction or to disconnect a cross-point from conduction is primarily determined by carrier lifetime in the base region. This delay may be in the order ofless than 35 nanoseconds.

The minimum voltage amplitude of the direct out signal to the crosspoint base is the maximum current necessary to maintain the cross-point transistor in saturation during the propagation of a minimum level III] interface signal on the sending line. The maximum level of the direct out drive is the amount of allowable level shift on the interface lines due to base current. Typical values would be I50 millivolts, or approximately 3 milliamps of base current.

A suitable direct out driver (FIG. 6) is designed to use a I2- volt power supply. Assume that a 3.6K ohm resistor provides base isolation on the cross-point switch of FIG. 4. This resistance in combination with the previous criteria results in amplitudes between 9.97 volts and 12.08 volts on the direct out drive line at the cross-point. The circuit uses PNP transistors T3 and T4 in the output stage in order to take full advantage of the drive tolerance range and to provide short circuit protection to the drive circuit. When a direct out driver is on, T3 and T4 are saturated. When overloaded, the transistors become unsaturated and current limited by the emitter series resistors. The NPN transistor T5 in the output circuit provides a slight negative down-level when the direct out driver is off, which tends to minimize the data-path to data-path crosstalk through nonselected cross-points. The emitter series resistor (for example, 200 ohm) serves to limit the driving NPN collector power dissipation. The driver has an output impedance of approximately I l ohms and rise and fall times ofless than I00 nanoseconds.

8. INTERFACE SWITCHING UNIT VERSIONS While the preceding has described a complete interface switching unit definition which addresses most known needs, it is recognized that most applications do not require the full capability which is possible. For these situations, subsets of the full definition can be identified which provide upward compatible and modular switch implementations. Several of these are now described. For each version, the objectives and specific requirements of the implementation are first outlined followed by a description of its operation.

8.1 MULTIPLE INTERFACES PER CHANNEL The electrical specifications of the U0 interface may restrict the total resistance available for control units and cables. The result is that long cable lengths are possible only if few control units are attached and many control units can be attached only if short cables are used. It is frequently desirable to have both long cables and many control units, however.

A switching unit is thus needed to satisfy the following requirements.

The switching unit must be capable of attaching multiple interfaces to a single channel in a manner which is transparent to the channel, the control unit and the program.

The switching unit must be capable of operating with either selector and multiplexor channels and burstor multiplex-mode control units.

The interface switching unit is comprised of a switch con troller and a switching matrix. A configuration control unit is not needed since the configuration is static. The switch controller complexity is furthermore reduced for this version since only one channel is involved and the configuration states are constant. The switching matrix reduces to a trivial case.

An initial selection sequence by the channel causes the interfaces to be sequentially selected while Address Out and Bus Out are sent in parallel or sequentially to all interfaces. If Select In is returned by an interface, (indicating that the addressed device is not attached to the interface), Select Out is gated to the next interface until a device or control unit responds or until all interfaces have been selected.

A control unit or device request for service causes the channel to initiate a polling sequence. The switch controller selects for polling that interface which is requesting service. lf none is requesting service, Select In is immediately returned to the channel.

All resets, general and malfunction, are sent in parallel to all interfaces. The resets perform the same function as currently defined and do not affect the states of the interface switching unit.

8.2 EXTENDED DEVICE ADDRESSING The number of devices per channel is currently limited to 256 by virtue of the single-byte address used on the interface. The ability to use an additional byte has been defined for the channels but is not currently implemented by any control unit.

A switching unit fulfilling the following requirements can fill this need:

The switching unit must be capable of attaching multiple interfaces to a single channel in a manner which is trans' parent to the control unit, channel and the program.

The switching unit must be capable of operating with either selector or multiplexor channels and burstor multiplexmode control units.

The switching unit must be capable of selecting the individual control units by means of an additional address byte supplied by the channel. Furthermore, whenever a device provides its address to the channel, the switching unit must augment the address with the appropriate addi tional address byte.

As can be seen by the requirements, the switching unit to satisfy this need is an extension of the first version described in Section 8. I. In addition to the capabilities there described, the ability to handle an additional address byte is required both in the interface switching unit and in the channel.

An initial selection sequence will involve the sending by the channel of a Z-byte address to the switch controller. The second byte will address the interface to which the device is attached and the first byte identifies the device. The switch controller thus selects the addressed interface and the initial selection proceeds. lf Select In is returned from the selected interface, no other interface is selected and Select In is returned to the channel. The switch controller must assure that the additional byte of address is supplied on Bus In with proper Mark and Mark Parity at the proper time. (See Section When a device or control unit indicates a request for service and the channel responds with a polling sequence, the switch controller causes only the requesting interfaces to be selected. Again, when address information is sent to the channel by the control unit or the device, the switch controller augments the address with the additional address byte associated with the interface.

8.3 MANUAL STEADY STATE It is sufficient in many switching situations, to have a means for manually configuring a system when the system is stopped. The same effect can be achieved (and is, in some cases) by changing the interface cables to get the desired combination of components. 8.4 MANUALLY CONTROLLED CONFIGURATION When a switching environment does not demand progammmed switching and where stopping the system for switching is not acceptable, a manually controlled switching unit with a logically determined switching time is utilized. Such a switch is manually activated but is effective only when logic which monitors the interface activity determines that switching can be accomplished without interface errors. The switch is used in conjunction with programming and the opcrator(s) to the extent that activity on the interface has ceased before the manual switching is performed.

The manually controlled logical switch must fulfill the following requirements:

The switching must provide a means for connecting any attached interface to any attached channel as directed by manual switches.

The switching unit must delay the actual disconnection and connection of the interface and channels until a point in the interface activity has been reached which permits switching without interface errors.

The switching unit must be capable of operating with either selector or multiplexor channels and with either burstor multiplex-mode control units.

Once switching has been accomplished, the existence of the switching unit must be transparent to the channel and the control units.

The interface switching unit which satisfies this requirement is composed of a switching matrix and a simplified switch controller. Since no programmed control over switching is required, the configuration control unit is not needed. The configuration state of each node is indirectly specified by the setting of the manual switch pertaining to that node; the configuration state being different from the switch setting only during the logically determined delay in configuration.

When a manual configuration switch is changed, the switch controller examines the operating state of the node associated with the interface. If the node is in the Connected or Dedicated state, the reconfiguration indicated by the manual switch is suspended. When the node is no longer in the Connected or Dedicated state, the interface is switched, and thus becomes exclusively configured to the channel indicated by the manual switch. The reconfiguration to the new channel can usually be done without regard to the activity on the new channel, but must, nonetheless, be done without causing inter face errors on the new channel.

8.5 MANUALLY CONTROLLED SHARING Most situations which require that devices (control units) be shared between channels have minimal reconfiguration requirements which could be satisfied by a manual reconfiguration means. An interface switching unit is thus identifiable which establishes configuration by means of manual switches 50 (FIG. 2) and provides all necessary logic to allow the sharing of devices, control units and interfaces among channels.

The requirements thus include the following:

The switching unit must permit the configurability of multiple interfaces to each channel and multiple channels to each interface.

The switching unit must provide a manual switching means for establishing the overall configuration ofthe interfaces and channels.

A logical means must be provided which handles the sharing and the contention among the channels for the interface. The means must operate in such a way that its intervention does not introduce indications which a normal operating system cannot easily handle.

The switching unit need only provide for sharing between selector channels operating only with a common CPU. Multiplexer channels and channels shared by or connected to multiple CPUs are specifically excluded.

This switching unit version requires a switching matrix and a switch controller. Since manual configuration is utilized, no configuration control unit is required.

The configuration states are established by the manual switches. The only possible states for a node are Shared Configuration state and Unconfigured state. As with the logically controlled configuration version of the switching unit, the manual switches do not directly establish the state of the node, but initiate a switching action that completes only as interface conditions permit (see Section 5.3.3). Note that the Exclusive Configuration state is effectively available by establishing the Shared Configuration state at only one node on the interface.

The switch controller establishes the Connected state for a node when Select Out is directed to the interface either for polling or for initial selection purposes. The node remains in the Connected state until Select Out is sent from the same channel but is not directed to that interface. For example, consider a 2X4 switch which has channels 1 and 2 and interface strings A, D, C and D attached to it. Subsequent to a master reset, channel I initiates a selection sequence to interface A. Upon receiving the Select Out and determining that interface A is being addressed, the switch controller sets the state of the node to the Connected state. During the operation which follows, the Connected is maintained since, by definition of the selector channel, only one device is handled from the receipt ofa START I/ until primary status is accepted by the CPU. Repeated initial selection sequences to that same device, or, in fact, any device on the interface will not cause the Connected state of the node to be reset. If, however, chan' nel I should address a device on interface B, C or D, the switch controller will reset the Connected state of the node for interface I and set the node for the addressed interface to the Connected state. An attempt by channel 2 to address a device on an interface which has its channel 1 node in the Connected state will receive as a response, the control-unit-busy sequence.

The switch controller will raise Request In to the channel whenever any of the interfaces configured to the channel has its Request In line up or whenever one of the nodes for that channel is in the Connected state. (The latter condition will provide the neeeded interlock for resetting the Connected state since a selector channel will respond to the Request In with a polling sequence only after primary status has been cleared. On some channels the polling sequence occurs automatically, therefore, it is noted, raising the Request In signal is redundant.)

It is apparent that no more than one node per interface and no more than one node per channel can be in the Connected state by definition of the Connected state.

Since this switching unit implementation is restricted to channels on the same CPU, it is possible to eliminate the presentation of Control Unit End when in the Connected state causing the switch controller to indicate that control unit busy no longer exists. The reset of the Connected state is always associated with the occurrence of primary status and the presentation of that status is sufficient to reinitiate the unsuccessful START 1/0.

Asynchronous status (Device End for a not rcady to-ready transition, Device End subsequent to the acceptance of an unchained Channel End, Attention, etc.) is sent to whichever channel first responds to the Request In line. If more than one channel responds, only one will be successful, the others will receive Select In back and Request In will fall for that channel.

8.6 DYNAMIC SHARING OPTION When it is possible to have more than one multiplex channel sharing unit control word storage it is possible to implement a type of sharing that is much more dynamic than the sharing described in Section 8.5. With this type of sharing any one of the channels may handle service requests from any device and the node connection must be maintained only as long as the interface is in the Connected state (6.2.2). This type of sharing provides the greatest performance improvement and may be controlled by manual or programmed means.

9. IN PUT/OUTPUT INTERFACE ADDITIONS To fulfill the total requirements for I10 interface switching, certain functions are required of the U0 interface which are currently not supplied. Some of these functions have been suggested at various times in the past for various purposes and now, with the requirements of switching also in hand, their implementation appears justified. Others are necessary for proper switching operationv 9.l NEW INTERFACE LINES Three new lines are defined for the U0 interface. One line is outbound from the channel to the switching unit; two are in bound from the control unit to the switching unit and the channel.

9. l .l Reset Out When the system of which the switching unit is a part is con figured into subsystems each with its own CPU, it is usually necessary to isolate resets to affect only the concerned components and to further provide a reset which is independent of subsystems.

For the subsystems, the currently defined system and selective resets apply as described in Sections 5. l O.l and 5.10.2.

A new, overall or Master Reset is defined which is capable of affecting the states of nodes as well as performing the system reset function. The reset is similar to the currently defined System Reset with the additional specification that the new tag line designated Reset Out must rise before the fall of Operational Out and must remain up for the same period of time as Operational Out is down.

To be effective, Reset Out must rise before Operational Out drops and must remain up until after Operational Out rises. Operational Out must stay down until Operational In falls.

The reset performed by Reset Out affects the states of the nodes (and the authorization states, if any), by setting each state according to a predetermined configuration. The reset could thus change or could have no effect upon the state of a particular node depending on whether it had or had not been set to a different state since the last Master Reset.

The reset causes the channel authorization bits to be turned 9. l .2 Disconnect In The disconnect In line is provided by a control unit to warn the channel (and the switching unit) that a condition has been detected at the control unit which requires that the control unit disconnect from the interface (cg, power supply failure). The channel should, in response, immediately initiate steps to quiesce activity on the interface. The interface switching unit will respond by setting the configuration states for the inter face to the configure and suspend state. 9, l .3 Allegiance In A new line, designated Allegiance In, indicates to the channel (and the switching unit), that a device or control unit on the interface owes allegiance to the channel to which it is connected. The use of the line permits the channel and switching unit to determine when disabling, partitioning and switching of the interface can be permitted.

This line will be raised by a control unit when any command is received for any attached device and will remain up until ending status has been accepted. Furthermore, ifan error condition exists, this line will remain up until the sense data are cleared.

9. l .4 Configure Out Configure Out is a line from the channel to the interface switching unit and is used in conjunction with the out-tag lines to provide the following special function:

Reconfiguration is permitted when Configure Out is up (active) when Command Out is raised during the initial selection sequence. Configure ()ut must be up at the configuration control unit for the same duration as required for the individual bit to be valid designating the command byte on bus out.

What I claim is:

l. An interface switching unit for switching interfaces between modules comprising;

a switching matrix for providing electrical interconnections between modules and interfaces attached to said matrix;

a switch controller associated with a module for controlling the nodes of said switch matrix pertaining to that module and for supplying module and interface responses;

a configuration control unit connected to said module and said switch controller;

means in said module for communicating commands to said configuration control unit to thereby exert control over the states of said switching unit;

means in said configuration control unit for interpreting commands from said module, which commands specify the configuration states which said switch controller is authorized to make with respect to control of said nodes; and

means in said configuration control unit for making respon ses to said module as to the configured state of said switching matrix.

2. An interface switching unit for switching interfaces between channels comprising:

a switching matrix for providing electrical interconnections between at least one channel interface and control unit interfaces attached to said matrix;

a switch controller connected to said channel interface responsive to signals on said channel interface, for con trolling the nodes of said switch matrix pertaining to said channel and for supplying interface responses to said channel;

a configuration control unit connected to said channel in terface for interpreting commands from said channel, which commands specify the configuration states which said switch controller is authorized to make with respect to control of said nodes; and

means in said configuration control unit for making responses to said channel as to the configured state of said switching matrix in response to sensing commands from said channel.

3. Switching apparatus comprising:

a bus portion having a plurality of bus inputs and bus outputs;

a control portion having a plurality of control inputs and control outputs;

means for controlling said bus portion to connect a selected bus input to a bus output;

means connecting said bus portion and said control portion such that said control portion attains a state indicative of the corresponding connected state of said selected bus input and said bus output which state is capable of being sensed by sensing signals placed on selected ones of said control inputs which coact with said control portion to produce status signals on predetermined ones of said control outputs;

means for placing a sense signal on predetermined inputs of said control portion; and

means connected to said control outputs of said control portion responsive to said status signals produced on said control outputs in response to said sensing signals.

4. Switching apparatus comprising:

a switch matrix having one or more first levels of switching dedicated to providing switching between modules con' nected thereto, said first levels comprising a matrix of first cross-point switches arranged to provide connections between signal lines to and from said modules upon energization of appropriate cross-points in a selected pattern of energization, and one or more additional levels of switching dedicated to providing status as to the state of said first levels, said second levels comprising a matrix of second cross-point switches adapted to attain a pattern of energization identical to the pattern of energization of said first cross-points;

means connected to one of said modules for interrogating the status provided by the state of said crosspoints in said additional levels; and

means connected between said additional levels and said module for transmitting said status to said module.

5. For use with a data processing system, apparatus for con necting any one of a plurality of input/output channels to any one of a plurality of addressable l/O interfaces via energizable cross-point switches, each cross'point switch having an input and an output, comprising:

a switch matrix comprising a bus portion including crosspoint switches for connecting interface signal lines via an energizable cross-point switch to an input/output channel connected to said switch, and a control portion including cross-point switches for providing means for sensing an energized state of the cross-point switches of said bus portion;

a switch controller including means for activating a direct out line which energizes cross-points in said bus portion to thereby connect an addressed [/0 interface to a channel, said direct out line also energizing corresponding cross-points in said control portion of said switch matrix;

control out lines energizable by said switch controller, said control out lines connected to the inputs to the crosspoint switches of said control portion of said switch matrix; and

a direct in line connected to the outputs of the cross-point switches of said control portion for transmitting a signal on said direct in line to said switch controller for those cross-points for which a corresponding control out line is energized 6. Apparatus for switching input/output interfaces between 60 a plurality of controlling modules and a plurality of controlled modules comprising:

a module control unit;

a switch matrix;

direct out signal lines connected between said module control unit and said switch matrix, each direct out signal line energizable to condition cross-points in said matrix common to a controlling module and to a particular in put/output interface to be selected;

means for extracting status from said module control unit as to the state of connection or disconnection of said input/output interfaces, including direct in signal lines connected from said switch matrix to said module control unit;

control out signal lines connected between said module control unit and said matrix; and,

means at said matrix responsive to energization of said control out signal lines for causing signals corresponding to the conditioned state of cross-points associated with specified input/output interface connections to be placed on said direct in lines.

7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 6 above including means within said module control unit responsive to said direct in lines for monitoring input/output interface connections made by said plurality of controlling modules, said means including further means which, if one of said plurality of modules connects to an input/output interface selected by said module control unit, causes a forced disconnect to said particular interface to occur by deenergizing the appropriate direct out signal line.

8. Apparatus for switching input/output interfaces between a plurality of channels and a plurality of control units comprismg:

a switch control unit;

a switch matrix;

direct out signal lines connected between said switch control unit and said switch matrix, each direct out signal line energizable to condition cross-points in said matrix common to a channel and to a particular control unit input/output interface to be selected;

means for extracting status from said switch control unit as to the state of connection or disconnection of said input/output interfaces, including a direct in signal bus connected from said switch matrix to said switch control unit and control out signal lines connected from said switch control unit to said matrix; and

means at said matrix responsive to said control out signal lines for causing signals corresponding to the state of connection or disconnection of said input/output interfaces to be placed on said direct in bus.

9. The apparatus as set forth in claim 8 above including means within said switch control unit responsive to said direct in lines for monitoring input/output interface connections made by said plurality of channels, said means including further means which, if one of said plurality of channels connects to an input/output interface selected by said channel, causes a forced disconnect of said particular interface to occur.

ll]v For use with a cross-point switching apparatus for attaching controlling modules to controlled module interface lines which includes,

a bus portion having a plurality of planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, each matrix having row and column signal lines;

one plane of said plurality of planes for each interface line to be switched, a particular row in a plane assigned to a controlling module, a particular column in a plane connected to the interface line of a controlled module, and a cross-point switch element at the intersection of said particular row and particular column, said element energizable by said controlling module, the combination compris ing:

a control portion including one or more control planes of two dimensional cross-point switch matrices, having signal lines arranged in rows and columns, each control plane assigned to a particular controlling module, each row of a control plane connected to a control out signal line from said particular controlling module,

each column of a control plane connected to a direct in signal line returned to said particular module,

a cross-point switch element at the intersection of each row and column of said control plane; and,

means connected to cross-point switches in said planes of said bus portion responsive to said controlling module to energize said cross-point switches to thereby connect said module to an interface by means of said cross-point switches, said means also connected to energize crosspoint switches in said control planes, such that a signal placed on said control out signal line is transmitted via an energized cross-point switch in said control plane to a connected direct in signal line to thereby indicate by a signal on said direct in signal line which cross-point switches in said bus portion are energized.

ll. For use with a cross-point switching apparatus for attaching channels to control unit interface lines which includes,

a bus portion having a plurality of planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices. each matrix having row and column signal lines;

one plane of said plurality of planes for each interface line to be switched, a particular row in a plane assigned to a channel, a particular column in a plane connected to the interface of a control unit and a cross-point switch ele ment at the intersection of said particular row and particular column said element energizable by a switch controller responsive to said channel, the combination comprising:

a control portion including one or more control planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, having signal lines arranged in rows and columns, each control plane assigned to a particular channel, each row ofa control plane connected to a control out signal line from said switch controller,

each column of a control plane connected to a direct in signal line returned to said switch controller,

a cross-point switch element at the intersection of each row and column of said control plane; and,

means connected to crosspoint switches in said planes of said bus portion responsive to said switch controller to energize said cross-point switches to thereby connect said channel to an interface by means of said cross-point switches, said means also connected to energize crosspoint switches in said control planes, such that a signal placed on said control out signal line is transmitted via an energized cross-point switch in said control plane to a connected direct in signal line to thereby indicate by a signal on said direct in signal line which cross-point switches in said bus portion are energized.

12. For use with a switching system for dynamically sharing controlled modules attached to interfaces with one or more controlling modules, a controller comprising:

means for monitoring control lines from said controlling module for the occurrence of a selection or polling sequence initiated by said controlling module;

further means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of said selection sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said controlling module;

means for returning a controlled module busy status to said controlling module if said addressed interface is unavailable for connection; and

means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of said polling sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from a controlled module corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said controlled modules which signal a request for service.

13. For use with a switching system for dynamically sharing control units attached to interfaces with one or more channels, a controller comprising:

selection means for monitoring control lines from said channel for the occurrence of a selection or polling sequence initiated by said channel;

means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of a selection sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said channel;

means for returning a control unit busy status to said channel if said addressed interface is unavailable for connection; and

means connected to said control lines responsive to the oc currence of said polling sequence for selecting an ad dressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said control unit corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said control units which signal a request for service.

14. A switching system for dynamically sharing controlled modules attached to interfaces, with one or more controlling modules comprising:

a switch matrix;

means associated with a controlling module for monitoring control lines from said controlling module for the occurrence of a first or second sequence of energization of said control lines initiated by said controlling module;

means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said first sequence for energizing said matrix to select an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from said controlling module; and

means in said monitoring means for returning a busy status to said controlling module upon the condition that said addressed interface is unavailable for connection.

15. The switching system as set forth in claim [4 above including:

means in said monitoring means responsive to said second sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from a controlled module corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said controlled modules which signal a request for service.

16. A switching system for dynamically sharing control units attached to interfaces, with one or more channels comprising:

a switch matrix;

means associated with a channel for monitoring control lines from said channel for the occurrence of an initial selection or a polling sequence of energization of said control lines initiated by said channel;

means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said initial selection sequence for energizing said matrix to select an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from said channel; and

means in said monitoring means for returning a control unit busy status to said channel upon the condition that said addressed interface is unavailable for connection.

17. The switching system as set forth in claim 16 above including:

means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said polling sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said moni toring means from a control unit corresponding to the highest priority available interface ofall said control units which signal a request for service. 

1. An interface switching unit for switching interfaces between modules comprising; a switching matrix for providing electrical interconnections between modules and interfaces attached to said matrix; a switch controller associated with a module for controlling the nodes of said switch matrix pertaining to that module and for supplying module and interface responses; a configuration control unit connected to said module and said switch controller; means in said module for communicating commands to said configuration control unit to thereby exert control over the states of said switching unit; means in said configuration control unit for interpreting commands from said module, which commands specify the configuration states which said switch controller is authorized to make with respect to control of said nodes; and means in said configuration control unit for making responses to said module as to the configured state of said switching matrix.
 2. An interface switching unit for switching interfaces between channels comprising: a switching matrix for providing electrical interconnections between at least one channel interface and control unit interfaces attached to said matrix; a switch controller connected to said channel interface responsive to signals on said channel interface, for controlling the nodes of said switch matrix pertaining to said channel and for supplying interface responses to said channel; a configuration control unit connected to said channel interface for interpreting commands from said channel, which commands specify the configuration states which said switch controller is authorized to make with respect to control of said nodes; and means in said configuration control unit for making responses to said channel as to the configured state of said switching matrix in response to sensing commands from said channel.
 3. Switching apparatus comprising: a bus portion having a plurality of bus inputs and bus outputs; a control portion having a plurality of control inputs and control outputs; means for controlling said bus portion to connect a selected bus input to a bus output; means connecting said bus portion and said control portion such that said control portion attains a state indicative of the corresponding connected state of said selected bus input and said bus output which state is capable of being sensed by sensing signals placed on selected ones of said control inputs which coact with said control portion to produce status signals on predetermined ones of said control outputs; means for placing a sense signal on predetermined inputs of said control portion; and means connected to said control outputs of said control portion responsive to said status signals produced on said control outputs in response to said sensing signals.
 4. Switching apparatus comprising: a switch matrix having one or more first levels of switching dedicated to providing switching between modules connected thereto, said first levels comprising a matrix of first cross-point switches arranged to provide connections between signal lines to and from said modules upon energization of appropriate cross-points in a selected pattern of energization, and one or more addItional levels of switching dedicated to providing status as to the state of said first levels, said second levels comprising a matrix of second cross-point switches adapted to attain a pattern of energization identical to the pattern of energization of said first cross-points; means connected to one of said modules for interrogating the status provided by the state of said cross-points in said additional levels; and means connected between said additional levels and said module for transmitting said status to said module.
 5. For use with a data processing system, apparatus for connecting any one of a plurality of input/output channels to any one of a plurality of addressable I/0 interfaces via energizable cross-point switches, each cross-point switch having an input and an output, comprising: a switch matrix comprising a bus portion including cross-point switches for connecting interface signal lines via an energizable cross-point switch to an input/output channel connected to said switch, and a control portion including cross-point switches for providing means for sensing an energized state of the cross-point switches of said bus portion; a switch controller including means for activating a direct out line which energizes cross-points in said bus portion to thereby connect an addressed I/O interface to a channel, said direct out line also energizing corresponding cross-points in said control portion of said switch matrix; control out lines energizable by said switch controller, said control out lines connected to the inputs to the cross-point switches of said control portion of said switch matrix; and a direct in line connected to the outputs of the cross-point switches of said control portion for transmitting a signal on said direct in line to said switch controller for those cross-points for which a corresponding control out line is energized.
 6. Apparatus for switching input/output interfaces between a plurality of controlling modules and a plurality of controlled modules comprising: a module control unit; a switch matrix; direct out signal lines connected between said module control unit and said switch matrix, each direct out signal line energizable to condition cross-points in said matrix common to a controlling module and to a particular input/output interface to be selected; means for extracting status from said module control unit as to the state of connection or disconnection of said input/output interfaces, including direct in signal lines connected from said switch matrix to said module control unit; control out signal lines connected between said module control unit and said matrix; and, means at said matrix responsive to energization of said control out signal lines for causing signals corresponding to the conditioned state of cross-points associated with specified input/output interface connections to be placed on said direct in lines.
 7. The apparatus as set forth in claim 6 above including means within said module control unit responsive to said direct in lines for monitoring input/output interface connections made by said plurality of controlling modules, said means including further means which, if one of said plurality of modules connects to an input/output interface selected by said module control unit, causes a forced disconnect to said particular interface to occur by deenergizing the appropriate direct out signal line.
 8. Apparatus for switching input/output interfaces between a plurality of channels and a plurality of control units comprising: a switch control unit; a switch matrix; direct out signal lines connected between said switch control unit and said switch matrix, each direct out signal line energizable to condition cross-points in said matrix common to a channel and to a particular control unit input/output interface to be selected; means for extracting status from said switch control unit as to the state of connection or disconnection of said iNput/output interfaces, including a direct in signal bus connected from said switch matrix to said switch control unit and control out signal lines connected from said switch control unit to said matrix; and means at said matrix responsive to said control out signal lines for causing signals corresponding to the state of connection or disconnection of said input/output interfaces to be placed on said direct in bus.
 9. The apparatus as set forth in claim 8 above including means within said switch control unit responsive to said direct in lines for monitoring input/output interface connections made by said plurality of channels, said means including further means which, if one of said plurality of channels connects to an input/output interface selected by said channel, causes a forced disconnect of said particular interface to occur.
 10. For use with a cross-point switching apparatus for attaching controlling modules to controlled module interface lines which includes, a bus portion having a plurality of planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, each matrix having row and column signal lines; one plane of said plurality of planes for each interface line to be switched, a particular row in a plane assigned to a controlling module, a particular column in a plane connected to the interface line of a controlled module, and a cross-point switch element at the intersection of said particular row and particular column, said element energizable by said controlling module, the combination comprising: a control portion including one or more control planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, having signal lines arranged in rows and columns, each control plane assigned to a particular controlling module, each row of a control plane connected to a control out signal line from said particular controlling module, each column of a control plane connected to a direct in signal line returned to said particular module, a cross-point switch element at the intersection of each row and column of said control plane; and, means connected to cross-point switches in said planes of said bus portion responsive to said controlling module to energize said cross-point switches to thereby connect said module to an interface by means of said cross-point switches, said means also connected to energize cross-point switches in said control planes, such that a signal placed on said control out signal line is transmitted via an energized cross-point switch in said control plane to a connected direct in signal line to thereby indicate by a signal on said direct in signal line which cross-point switches in said bus portion are energized.
 11. For use with a cross-point switching apparatus for attaching channels to control unit interface lines which includes, a bus portion having a plurality of planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, each matrix having row and column signal lines; one plane of said plurality of planes for each interface line to be switched, a particular row in a plane assigned to a channel, a particular column in a plane connected to the interface of a control unit and a cross-point switch element at the intersection of said particular row and particular column said element energizable by a switch controller responsive to said channel, the combination comprising: a control portion including one or more control planes of two-dimensional cross-point switch matrices, having signal lines arranged in rows and columns, each control plane assigned to a particular channel, each row of a control plane connected to a control out signal line from said switch controller, each column of a control plane connected to a direct in signal line returned to said switch controller, a cross-point switch element at the intersection of each row and column of said control plane; and, means connected to cross-point switches in said planes of said bus portion responsive to said switch controller to energize sAid cross-point switches to thereby connect said channel to an interface by means of said cross-point switches, said means also connected to energize cross-point switches in said control planes, such that a signal placed on said control out signal line is transmitted via an energized cross-point switch in said control plane to a connected direct in signal line to thereby indicate by a signal on said direct in signal line which cross-point switches in said bus portion are energized.
 12. For use with a switching system for dynamically sharing controlled modules attached to interfaces with one or more controlling modules, a controller comprising: means for monitoring control lines from said controlling module for the occurrence of a selection or polling sequence initiated by said controlling module; further means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of said selection sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said controlling module; means for returning a controlled module busy status to said controlling module if said addressed interface is unavailable for connection; and means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of said polling sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from a controlled module corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said controlled modules which signal a request for service.
 13. For use with a switching system for dynamically sharing control units attached to interfaces with one or more channels, a controller comprising: selection means for monitoring control lines from said channel for the occurrence of a selection or polling sequence initiated by said channel; means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of a selection sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said channel; means for returning a control unit busy status to said channel if said addressed interface is unavailable for connection; and means connected to said control lines responsive to the occurrence of said polling sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said controller from said control unit corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said control units which signal a request for service.
 14. A switching system for dynamically sharing controlled modules attached to interfaces, with one or more controlling modules comprising: a switch matrix; means associated with a controlling module for monitoring control lines from said controlling module for the occurrence of a first or second sequence of energization of said control lines initiated by said controlling module; means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said first sequence for energizing said matrix to select an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from said controlling module; and means in said monitoring means for returning a busy status to said controlling module upon the condition that said addressed interface is unavailable for connection.
 15. The switching system as set forth in claim 14 above including: means in said monitoring means responsive to said second sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from a controlled module corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said controlled modules which signal a request for service.
 16. A switching system for dynamically sharing control units attached to interfaces, with one or more channels comprising: a switch matrix; means associated with a channel for monitoring control lines from said channel for the occurrence of an initial selection or a polling sequence of energization of said control lines initiated by said channel; Means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said initial selection sequence for energizing said matrix to select an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from said channel; and means in said monitoring means for returning a control unit busy status to said channel upon the condition that said addressed interface is unavailable for connection.
 17. The switching system as set forth in claim 16 above including: means in said monitoring means responsive to the occurrence of said polling sequence for selecting an addressed interface specified by an address supplied to said monitoring means from a control unit corresponding to the highest priority available interface of all said control units which signal a request for service. 